Passa al contingut principal

Predation of seabirds by invasive rats: multiple indirect consequences for invertebrate communities


Invasive species are a global problem but most studies have focused on their direct rather than indirect ecological effects. We studied litter and soil-inhabiting invertebrate communities on 18 islands off northern New Zealand, to better understand the indirect ecological consequences of rat (Rattus) invasion. Nine islands host high densities of burrowing procellariid seabirds that transport large amounts of nutrients from the ocean to the land. The other nine have been invaded over the past 50 150 years by rat species that have severely reduced the density of seabirds by preying on eggs and chicks. Invaded islands had lower densities of seabird burrows but deeper forest litter than did the uninvaded islands, indicative of rats reducing disturbance effects of seabirds. However, despite deeper litter on the invaded islands, eight of the 19 orders of invertebrates that we measured were significantly less abundant on invaded islands. Furthermore, three soil-inhabiting micro-invertebrate groups that we measured were significantly less abundant on invaded islands. These differences probably result from rats thwarting transfer of resources by seabirds from the ocean to the land. We also investigated community-level properties of each of three test groups of invertebrates (minute land snails, spiders and soil nematodes) to illustrate this process. Spiders were equally abundant on both groups of islands, but showed lower species richness on the invaded islands. The other two groups showed no difference in species richness with island invasion status, but were more abundant on uninvaded islands. Reduced abundance of soil nematodes on invaded islands provides strong evidence of indirect consequences of seabird reduction by rats, because nematodes are unavailable to rats as prey. We
predict that if rats are eradicated from islands, components of below-ground invertebrate dependent on seabird-mediated soil conditions may take considerable time to  recover because they require subsequent seabird recolonisation.

David R. Towns et al (2009) Oikos 118

Etiquetes

Etiquetes de comentaris:

Comentaris

Publica un comentari a l'entrada

Entrades populars d'aquest blog

Origin and abundance of beach debris in the Balearic Islands

RESUMEN: ORIGEN Y ABUNDANCIA DE RESIDUOS EN PLAYAS DE LAS ISLAS BALEARES. En un estudio realizado durante el año 2005 se analizó la abundancia, naturaleza y posibles orígenes de los residuos presentes en 32 playas de las Islas Baleares (mar Mediterráneo). La abundancia media de objetos en verano fue de aproximadamente 36 objetos por metro lineal, con un peso correspondiente de 32±25 g por metro lineal, lo cual es comparable a otros estudios en el Mediterráneo. El estudio mediante análisis multivariantes (Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis de Redundancia) confirma importantes similitudes entre islas, además de una evolución estacional estadísticamente significante en la composición y abundancia de los residuos. La contaminación durante el verano, expresada en términos de abundancia de objetos en la playa, duplica el valor registrado en invierno. Además, los objetos hallados durante esta época son de naturaleza heterogénea lo que se asocia c...
1 comentari
Més informació

Autumn Migration of Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae Tracked by Satellite Telemetry

Falco eleonorae tracked by satellite telemetry. Zoological Studies 48(4): 485-491. The migration route of Eleonora,s Falcon Falco eleonorae has largely been a mystery. To date, the most widely accepted hypothesis on Eleonora,s Falcon’s migration suggested a coastal route through the Mediterranean Sea eastwards, crossing the Suez Canal, and proceeding southwards through the Red Sea following the East coast of Africa to the wintering grounds in Madagascar and the Mascarene Is. This study provides the first description of autumn migration routes of 2 Eleonora,s Falcons (a juvenile male and an adult male) tracked by satellite telemetry from their breeding colonies in the Western Mediterranean to their wintering grounds in southeastern Africa. Contrary to previous suggestions, Eleonora,s Falcons migrated inland across the African continent and did not follow the presumed migration route across the Mediterranean Sea. We discuss the possible origin of this migratory b...
Publica un comentari a l'entrada
Més informació

Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island phenomenon

Although it is well established that many insects, birds and mammals serve as important pollinators and seed dispersers of flowering plants, the role of lizards in these processes has traditionally been considered as rare and less important. However, recent work shows both that their role as mutualistic agents has been underestimated and also reveals a striking pattern – that pollination and seed dispersal by lizards is most common on islands. We argue that this island phenomenon occurs because island lizards reach very high densities (density compensation) and experience a lower predation risk than do those on the mainland and, consequently, can expand their diet to include nectar, pollen and fruit. Although further empirical evidence is needed to confirm this explanation, such relationships could be ideal systems with which to study fundamental ecological problems, such as niche shifts, ecological release and competition. Jens M. Olesen a...
Publica un comentari a l'entrada
Més informació